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The types of mold processing can be classified according to different dimensions such as usage, materials, and processes. The following is a detailed type analysis, covering the main types of molds and their characteristics, application areas, and processing difficulties:
1. Classified by molding process
(1) Stamping die
Usage: Punching, bending, and stretching of metal sheets (such as car doors and electrical casings).
Classification:
Punching die: punching and cutting (precision requirement ± 0.01mm).
Stretch mold: Forming deep cavity parts (requiring anti wrinkle edge design).
Progressive mold: Multi process continuous processing (high efficiency, but complex design).
Material: Cr12MoV, SKD11 (high hardness, wear-resistant).
Difficulty: Edge cracking and rebound control.
(2) Injection mold
Usage: Mass production of plastic products (such as phone cases, toys).
Key structure:
Hot runner system: reduces waste and improves efficiency.
Cooling water channel: affects the molding cycle and shrinkage marks.
Materials: S136 (anti-corrosion), NAK80 (pre hardened mirror steel).
Difficulties: shrinkage, fusion line, demolding deformation.
(3) Die casting molds
Application: High pressure casting of aluminum alloy and zinc alloy (such as engine casing).
Features:
High temperature resistance (the mold needs to be heated to 200-300 ℃).
A rapid cooling system is required to prevent mold sticking.
Material: H13 (hot work die steel, heat-resistant fatigue).
Difficulties: cracking, metal adhesion.
(4) Forging mold
Application: Metal forging forming (such as gears, crankshafts).
Classification:
Hot forging die: High temperature operation (material: 5CrNiMo).
Cold forging die: room temperature and high pressure (material: DC53).
Difficulties: Rapid wear and large impact load.
(5) Extrusion mold
Usage: Production of plastic profiles and pipes (such as PVC doors and windows).
Features:
The design of the flow channel determines the cross-sectional shape.
High pressure resistance is required (material: alloy steel+surface hardening).
2. Classify by material
Typical Material Application Scenarios for Mold Types
Metal forming molds Cr12, D2, SKD11 stamping and forging
Plastic molds P20, 718, S136 injection molding, blow molding
H13 and 8407 aluminum/zinc alloy die-casting molds
Low cost rapid mold aluminum alloy (7075), 3D printed resin prototype verification, small batch production
3. Classified by structural complexity
Two plate mold: simple injection mold with a single parting surface.
Three board mold: with runner plate, automatic gate cutting (suitable for multi cavity molds).
Composite mold: Multi process integration in stamping molds (such as punching and stretching integrated).
Multi slider mold: complex inverted structure (such as threaded plastic parts).
4. Special process molds
(1) Powder metallurgy molds
Application: Metal powder compression molding (such as gears, bearings).
Difficulties: High wear resistance (material: hard alloy), control of demolding slope.
(2) Glass mold
Usage: Glass bottles, optical component molding.
Material: Oxidation resistant cast iron (such as QT600).
(3) Rubber mold
Usage: Tire and sealing ring vulcanization molding.
Features: Requires high temperature resistance (above 200 ℃) and elastic deformation.
5. Comparison of processing difficulties
Mold Type Core Challenge Solution
Short blade life of quasi dense stamping die, TiN coating technology with large burrs, and mirror wire cutting.
Uneven cooling of large injection molds leads to deformation of the conformal cooling water channel (embedded in 3D printing).
Optimization of heat treatment process for thermal fatigue cracks in die-casting molds (vacuum quenching).
Micro pore mold aperture<0.1mm, difficult to process, laser drilling, micro EDM.
6. Impact of emerging technologies
3D printing molds:
Advantage: Quickly manufacture conformal cooling water channels and shorten the cycle.
Limitations: Insufficient strength, mostly used for prototypes or small batches.
Intelligent mold:
Embedded sensors monitor temperature and pressure to achieve predictive maintenance.
7. Selection suggestions
High precision requirements: CNC precision machining+EDM (such as optical lens molds).
Mass production: Hard alloy inserts (to improve lifespan).
Low cost trial production: aluminum alloy molds or 3D printed soft molds.
Based on the above classification, suitable mold types and processes can be matched according to product requirements (materials, precision, batch). If you need specific cases (such as detailed parameters of automotive panel stamping dies), you can call our website for consultation!
